If the production is published on CD-ROM or on DVD, a dictionary can be included, and/or hyperlinks can link new signs to their explanations. When a lot of new signs are used in a video, these new signs can be introduced in a prologue at the beginning of the video. After that, the sign can be used as it is. The second time the new sign is used - or if the sign is used very infrequently in a video: the third and fourth time as well - the signer should briefly refer to the earlier explanation. Sometimes, the corresponding word will be finger-spelled, or the printed word will be made visible on screen. When a new sign is used for the first time in a production, the sign has to be explained. For many productions, you may have to invent 'name' signs. Before you do this, consult your national sign language centre to make sure that this is indeed so and if possible: ask them to suggest signs for you. In some cases, new signs may have to be 'invented' because no sign is available for a certain concept. Signed English) is no longer used for signing books. This may include a requirement that a translation stays as close to the original text as possible. It may also depend on the copyright agreement that you have with the publisher and/or author of the source text. What is most appropriate for a production, will depend on the objective, and the target group. Most translations will be somewhere on the continuum between the two extremes. A translator has the same options, when translating a text. Or s/he can choose a specific painting style for the reproduction, to highlight certain aspects of the (meaning of the) original. This is sometimes compared to photography versus painting: a translator or interpreter can reproduce a text as if s/he were a photographer, capturing every detail as it is in the original. For translations of sign language into spoken or printed language, the opposite order can be used: the Deaf person translates sign language into written language, the hearing person fine-tunes the translation, to make it naturally sounding spoken language.Ī translation of a source text can be literal - staying very close to the original text - or liberal, with the signer re-telling the story in his/her own words. The hearing person translates the text into sign language, the native signer then rewrites (more accurately: 're-signs') the translation to make it natural sign language instead of translated print. Translations.įor translations of printed texts into sign language, mixed Deaf-hearing translation teams are the preferred option, consisting of a bilingual Deaf person, and a bilingual hearing person. The best - and probably only - way to store a sign language text for distribution, for study, and for future reference, is by recording it on video. Different production teams use different methods: sometimes glosses are used, sometimes descriptions, sometimes a personal notation system. It is therefore very difficult to write down a signer's lines. There is no conventional writing system for sign languages (yet). In disputes or quandaries about the correct sign or the correct expression in sign language, you may rarely be able find the answer in a dictionary or other generally accepted official resource. Because of this, many countries are only now beginning to develop sign language dictionaries and grammars. Sign languages are complete, but in some countries: repressed, minority languages. for a voice-over, subtitles, or a printed book) the reverse process is best followed.įor most productions, the text should be divided into paragraphs of a length that the signer can memorise and sign confidently in front of the camera. For translations from sign language into spoken language (e.g. Translation of a mainstream text into sign language is best undertaken by a team of bilingual translators, in a two-step process: a native speaker translates the text into sign language, a native signer then converts the translation into 'natural', 'Deaf' sign language. Best results are had when the 'writer' and the 'signer' are one person or a team of two who work together closely during the writing as well as during the filming stages. 'Writing' in sign language is a highly personal process, and the output is difficult to transfer. 'Glosses' can be used to write down an outline of a signed text, but this is by no means a 1-1 representation of what the signer will sign. There is no generally accepted written form for sign languages.
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